Critical Investigation: Task 4

Other Books

Egorova, Y.; Parfitt, T. (2003). Jews, Muslims, and Mass Media: Mediating the 'Other'. London: Routledge Curzon. ISBN 0-415-31839-4. “This editorial for the suppression of the rebellion dovetailed with sharp criticism of the European media for using every opportunity to attack the Ottoman Empire and its authorities.”

Stanley Cohen. Folk Devils and Moral Panics

“A condition, episode, person or group of persons emerges to become defined as a threat to societal values and interest; its nature is presented in a stylized and stereotypical fashion by the mass media...”

Media Literacy

Interview with Edward Said Professor

"My interest in Orientalism began for two reasons, one it was an

immediate thing, that is to say, the Arab-Israeli War of 1973, which had been preceded by a lot of images and discussions in the media in the popular press about how the Arabs are cowardly and they don't know how to fight and they are always going to be beaten because they are not modern."

 http://www.medialiteracy.com/searchresults.htm?cx=partner-pub-6469250833860037%3Acyxyhg17w53&cof=FORID%3A10&ie=ISO-8859-

1&q=muslim+in+the+media+&sa=Search

http://www.mediaed.org/assets/products/403/transcript_403.pdf

Screen Online

Mind Your Language (1977-79, 1986)

"The new multi-racial comedy series"

http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/1108213/index.htmlIne

Independent

 Arifa Akbar, Citizen Khan is not just outdated, but lazy and offensive 

Is Citizen Khan Offensive? Yes, and not because of its treatment of religion but because it patronises its audience by flogging dead jokes and dumb stereotypes"

http://blogs.independent.co.uk/2012/08/29/citizen-khan-is-not-just-outdated-but-lazy-and-offensive/

Guardian

Citizen Khan: how did Twitter react?

'Was Citizen Khan written in 1972? The Pakistani stereotypes are just painful.'

'We’re only one episode into Citizen Khan, the BBC's first Asian sitcom, and already the knives are out. Is it racist – or simply unfunny? Or will it defy the critics and be a hit? Let’s see what the online world made of it all'

 http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2012/aug/31/citizen-khan-twitter-reaction?INTCMP=SRCH

Ofcom solves mystery of airwave bandit

"The airwave bandit, who told the court he did it because he was "feeling lonely", broadcast messages about topics such as whether Muslim inmates should be made to eat bacon and made references to escaping."

http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/mediamonkeyblog/2012/dec/14/ofcom-catches-airwave-bandit?INTCMP=SRCH

Citizen Khan may face Ofcom investigation

"The TV regulator has received about 20 complaints about the sitcom, which debuted on BBC1 in Monday night, and is now assessing them."

http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2012/aug/30/ofcom-investigate-bbc-citizen-khan 

Citizen Khan - view from abroad

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-19511191

Critical Investigation: Task 5

Critical Investigation: Task 6

Quote: "No one is as murderously 'Islamophobic' as Islamists are." Nick Cohen (The Observer)
"I believe in the religion of Islam. I believe in Allah and peace." Muhammad Ali 
In what ways does "Citizen Khan" reinforce Islamphobia?

Introduction

As Citizen Khan was watched throughout the summer, it had the most negative welcome on television as the audience had knocked it down on social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter which had caused a big controversy for the writer, Adil Ray in reality and cyber reality. Discussed in the Guardian, "Was Citizen Khan written in 1972? The Pakistani stereotypes are just painful", many people had argued that it had portrayed many negative stereotype of Islam as a whole. It had created a moral panic in today society as the actual meaning was being changed “A condition, episode, person or group of persons emerges to become defined as a threat to societal values and interest; its nature is presented in a stylized and stereotypical fashion by the mass media...” and the audience started interpreted that not all Muslims are terrorists or linked to any terrorism at all; As Citizen Khan shows a Muslims nuclear family living a normal life. The sitcom was also investigated by OFCOM 

Citizen Khan had been broadcast by a well known institution  BBC is funded by the government through the license fee which is paid by the public, the mission statement of BBC is to INFORM, EDUCATE and ENTERTAIN with all their programs as 'Citizen Khan' does that by informing the public about the Muslim culture, educating them by teaching them the norms and values of life and entertaining them by introducing a bit of humour in the day to day life of the characters.

The certain audience that will be viewing citizen khan are typical C1 & C2 demographics as they may be working class people trying to relate to a family in which they can identify with linking it to citizen khan viewers to the Stuart halls theory, 'The spectacle of the "other"''the other is way that Muslims are represented in the media since 9/11 due to many films such as 'The Agency' replicating Osama Bin Laden as the meaning of 'other' is replicating Muslims terrorist to aliens as they are outsider from different countries as before the 9/11 the 'other' was the IRA ( Irish terrorist), The film 'The Agency' replicates terrorism. The audience theory closely link to 'Citizen Khan' is the Uses & Gratification discussed by Blulmer and Katz, diversion as the audience may want to escape their normal life, personal relationships may be also portrayed through citizen khan such as Family, husband & wife and community, Personal Identity with others as the audience may see themselves reflected in the texts and another is surveillance which doesn't really link with the text.
psychogrpahics

Negativity is used throughout citizen khan some stereotypes which does reinforce islamphobia as a scene from citizen khan shows an discussion about immigration 'Immigrants are those Europeans'  but as the scene progresses the daughter implies that he is an immigrant aswell this implies that all muslims are immigrants who come from different countires to take over jobs, this can be linked to the 7/7 bomings as all the bombers were british born who do not work so islamphobia in a sense in citizen khan is pitied in relation to alvarado.

Citizen Khan shows that Muslims are going through a sense of change to modernity due to the new generation, as Mr Khan's children Shazia and Alia are wearing 'white masks' to betray society; as the audience feel like normal Muslims children would not be open about relationship like Amjad and Shazia and this also links on to Alia who tries to impress her friends to conform to groups but wants to be a good muslim and make her parents proud but she tries to decieve her parents into saying she going to study really going to party, Alia's character in Citizen builds up a connection with another 'Yasmin' it is about  one young British Muslim woman's experiences in a working class  in the north of England  after 9/11. The film aims to make sophisticated observations about identity crises alienation ; the central character, coexist uneasily demands of her traditionalist father and the community of which they are part, while carrying on a clandestine relationship with John, a white male fellow worker'

Paragraph 2

But citizen khan also has an positive aspect as it is shown as a peaceful and content religion through out 'Citizen Khan' this is shown through the basic father and daughter converstain about the bird and thee bees as most of citizen khan is shown in moqsue the resembles devotation and determination of the relgion the most of the sitcom doesnt reinforces islampohobia to the audience as it shows that muslims are not only terroist but just a religoon

Critical Investigation: Task 2

References

" Citizen Khan: how did Twitter react? | Media | guardian.co.uk ."  Latest US news, world news, sport and comment from the Guardian | guardiannews.com | The Guardian . N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2012/aug/31/citizen-khan-twitter-reaction?INTCMP=SRCH>.

" Diary of a Badman: 'I'm not a model Muslim, but I make people think' | Culture | The Guardian ."  Latest US news, world news, sport and comment from the Guardian | guardiannews.com | The Guardian . N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/shortcuts/2012/jun/10/diary-of-a-badman?INTCMP=SRCH>.

" Homeland: does it give an accurate picture of Middle East politics? | Television & radio | guardian.co.uk ."  Latest US news, world news, sport and comment from the Guardian | guardiannews.com | The Guardian . N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/tvandradioblog/2012/oct/25/homeland-accurate-picture-middle-east-politics>.

" Ofcom solves mystery of airwave bandit | Media Monkey | Media | guardian.co.uk ."  Latest US news, world news, sport and comment from the Guardian | guardiannews.com | The Guardian . N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/mediamonkeyblog/2012/dec/14/ofcom-catches-airwave-bandit?INTCMP=SRCH>.

Akbar, Arifa. "Citizen Khan is not just outdated, but lazy and offensive  | Arifa Akbar | Independent Arts Blogs." Independent Blogs | The Latest News, Blog Posts & Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. <http://blogs.independent.co.uk/2012/08/29/citizen-khan-is-not-just-outdated-but-lazy-and-offensive/>.

Alsultany, Evelyn. Arabs and Muslims in the media: race and representation after 9/11. New York: New York University Press, 2012. Print.

Altheide, David L.. Terror post 9/11 and the media. New York: Peter Lang, 2009. Print.

"BFI Screenonline: Mind Your Language (1977-79, 1986)." BFI Screenonline. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. <http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/1108213/index.html>.

Bullock, Katherine. Rethinking Muslim women and the veil: challenging historical & modern stereotypes. Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2002. Print.

"Channel 4 cancels Islam documentary screening after presenter threatened - Telegraph." Telegraph.co.uk - Telegraph online, Daily Telegraph, Sunday Telegraph - Telegraph. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/9535854/Channel-4-cancels-Islam-documentary-screening-after-presenter-threatened.html>.

Cohen, Stanley. Folk devils and moral panics: the creation of the Mods and Rockers. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2002. Print.

"Edward Said Interview." http://www.mediaed.org/assets/products/403/transcript_403.pdf. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. <http://www.mediaed.org/assets/products/403/transcript_403.pdf>.

Fanon, Frantz, and Charles Lam Markmann. Black skin white masks. London: Paladin, 1970. Print.

"Fear and loathing: Another unholy row about Islam - Home News - UK - The Independent."       The Independent | News N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/fear-and-loathing-another-unholy-row-about-islam-8131189.html>.

Gottschalk, Peter, and Gabriel Greenberg. Islamophobia: making Muslims the enemy. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2008. Print.

Hall, Stuart. Representation: cultural representations and signifying practices. London: Sage in association with the Open University, 1997. Print.

Kabir, Nahid Afrose. Young British muslims: identity, culture, politics and the media. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010. Print.

"Last night's viewing - Islam: the Untold Story, Channel 4; Accused, BBC1 - Reviews - TV & Radio - The Independent." The Independent | NewsN.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/reviews/last-nights-viewing--islam-the-untold-story-channel-4-accused-bbc1-8084486.html>.

Morey, Peter, and Amina Yaqin. Framing Muslims: stereotyping and representation after 9/11. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2011. Print.

Parfitt, Tudor, and Yulia Egorova. Jews, Muslims, and mass media: mediating the 'other'. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2005. Print.

Poole, Elizabeth, and John E. Richardson. Muslims and the news media. London: I.B. Tauris, 2006. Print.

Ramberg, Ingrid. Islamophobia and its consequences on young people: European Youth Centre Budapest, 1-6 June 2004. Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2004. Print.

Said, Edward W.. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 19791978. Print.

Springer, Claudia. "Taken by Muslims, text version." JCsplash. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc53.2011/SpringerMuslims/text.html>.

"What are hate crimes?." HOPE not hate: Celebrating modern Britain, exposing the extremism of the British National Party (BNP) and the English Defence League (EDL). N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.hopenothate.org.uk/hate-crime/what-are-hate-crimes>.

"[INFOGRAPHIC] Are Muslims Enemies of Peace? - Cool Daily Infographics | Visual Knowledge." Cool Daily Infographics | Visual Knowledge. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.cooldailyinfographics.com/2012/04/infographic-are-muslims-enemies-of.html>.

Critical Investigation Task 3

Mind your language

Textual Analysis

Media Language
CLAMPS
Costume
Lighting
Actors: Actors from different countries U&G 
Makeup: Natural 
Props: Blackboard ( negative connotations), Tables & Chairs
Setting: School Semotics

What are the meanings of the text
Institutions
Production: London Weekend Television (LWT) (now part of ITV London) was the name of the ITV network franchise holder for Greater London and the Home Counties at weekends, broadcasting from Fridays at 5:15pm (prior to 1982 at 7:00pm)^[1] to Monday mornings at 6:00am.^[2]
Broadcaster( ITV commercial profit making)
Schdeuling: weekend after 6-7pm  

Genre
Comedy
Subgenre Sitcom
Representation
Racist and Stereotyping ethnic minorities
Audience
who consumes the text?
Ideology

what are the belief systems/messages/values underpinning the text?

Narrative

how is the narrative in the text organized and structured?

The society and the issues that I am investigating have changed over the years as in the past, in the text 'Mind your language' they tried to include many countries due to the post-colonialism beginning and the country had tried to bring over people from different countries as in the program they try teaching English to the people from different countries in which they taught the. This was changed over the recent years due to the 9/11 attacks & the 7/7 bombings in which TV especially american television had changed their aspect of Muslims.

It is quiet similar to my text due to the comedy but citizen khan more relies the stereotypical side of Muslims as it is the writer Adil Ray interpretation of his life but 'Mind your Language' is self representation of the country at that stage as it was going through the post-colonial era and still is but when Mind your language had come out many ethnic minorities were taking over the white peoples jobs in which Mind your language had been made by white people.

Critical Investigation: Task 1

Citizen Khan Immigrants

The techniques used to make meaning in the text is by using the main character Mr Khan as he uses the newspaper as prop but the newspapers carries meaning / semiotics( Barthes) as the newspaper connotes damaging or professional look. The camera work used through the whole text is mainly wide shot of the kitchen to show where the discussion of immigration is taking place, they also use a medium shot at the beginning of Mrs Khan cooking to show she is providing for the family, another medium shot is of Mr khan picking up the newspaper to show he is the man of the house this is showing the roles of a British Asian family. Throughout the text the actors wear clothing such as Indian clothes/English suits with a Pakistani twist to help the audience find a sense of personal values or even identifying or gaining insight of themselves. They use high key lighting including in the text to show it is a happy environment to show it is family eating breakfast together this shows how westernised Asian have become throughout the the post-colonial era. The sound used is diegetic which is included in the show which is dialogue which is mostly spoken by the man of the house Mr Khan and there is also non-diegetic sound of people laughing in the beginning as it is a comedy. They used edit such as cuts to move quick from one shot to another.

The people who produce,regulate and distributed the text are as it is is a Non-Hollywood production it is regulated by OFCOM as it is a sitcom made in Britain by the BBC. The show was promoted through short trailers on BBC which last usually around 30 seconds, it had gained publicity after it was shown through social networking such as twitter and Facebook as people were furious of the stereotypes of Muslims  Broadcasted through public broadcasting as there BBC mission statement was to ' inform, educate and entertain.'

The type of text it is a sitcom, it is a parody of the writer's life as he has been through this personally, the setting is mostly in public and personal places such as the mosque & the house ( set in sparkhill, Birmingham), The narrative (todorov) is that Mr Khan who thinks is a community leader is always trying become top and pulls in his family  e.g. is wife who serves him domestically 24/7 as you see in the text and his two daughter one who is Shazia and is getting married to Amjad and the other Alia who seems to be a practising Muslims but that is her disguise as she is always outgoing. This brings a social aspect of today's changing society as Muslims women are going out to work as the growth of feminism ( judith bulter).

The message they are trying to get represented in the text is a negative representation of Muslims as it shows west vs east take (Edward Said) and this shows that Mr Khan can't decided what side he is on . They also stereotype challenges Islam as whole as they make fun of what goes n in the mosque. The audience in which consume the text are mainly the psychogrpahics ( young & rubicam) mainstreamer as they want to stick to BBC as BBC's Mission Statement is to 'Inform, Educate & entertain' in which people get pleasure out of. Demographics category of B,C1 nd C2 and the ages of 16-35 as it is after prime time  The narrative pleasure in which the audience gains from this text is dramatic irony , identification, alienation and entertainment, they are getting entertain by the comedy which leads to them getting identified with the actors as they related to them. The way this text is received Hall's theory) is oppositional as they see the stereotype of Europeans/Pakistanis as he discuss that they are immigrants taking over their jobs  and the preferred reading is that Immigrants are stealing jobs.

The values that are underpinning the text are liberal values that are multi-culturalism and positive values from BBC of their mission statement to educate, inform & educate to meet to their television needs ( Maslow hierarchy needs)  and it has sense of a matriarchal and patriarchal society as the women are seen as domestic goddess and the men are the ones who go out to work.

The narrative in the text is organised and structured as it has a open narrative which they can discuss any topic through the series, most the trailers has enigma code (Barthes), the linear narrative is chronological order as they show it from a narrative structure as equilibrium (introduce to the family) -disequilibrium 9 Mr Khan does something crazy to upset his family)-new equilibrium ( resolves it by making his family happy). In the text there are many Binary opposites such as Mum vs Dad and  Love vs Haterd.

Tutorial Targets

Include page numbers
Extend quotes where nesscary to make points
Include at least 2-3 quotes/text 

Islamphobia: Making Muslims the Enemy- By Peter Gottschalk, Gabriel Greenberg

‘Informed by the tenacious western idea that islam persistently, even fanatically, strives for dominion over all dimensions of life- particularly the political-many Americans remain inherently wary of Muslims.’ Page 15

Muslims and the News Media edited by Elizabeth Poole, John E. Richardson

‘In order to ensure the sample was representative, all articles including the terms Muslim(s) or Islam, from 2003, were selected for analysis. This ensured that only content that explicitly referred to Muslims or Islam were selected’Page 89

Islamphobia and Its Consequences on Young People: European Youth Centre -By Ingrid Ramberg

‘Masses, women, Islam, black colour, exaltation, and Islamism: a detonating cocktail to be sure not to go beyond prejudiced and ready made representations.’ Page 48

Arabs and Muslims in the Media: Race and Representation after 9/11- By Evelyn Alsultany

‘Though often seen as the enemy, Arab and American were not alone’ Page 5  

Young British Muslims: Identity, Culture, Politics and the Media- By Wahid Afrose Kabir

‘Spoke of their exclusive identity, sometimes other ethnic or religious afflictions...perhaps the theorizing of Stuart hall (1994:122) helps with this’ Page 99

Terror Post 9/11 and the Media (Global Crises and the Media) - David L. Altheide (Author)

‘The discourse of terror post 9/11 has become globalized  both in the flows and formations of the world’s news media and conduct of geo-political ambitions.’ Page 16 or xvi 

Framing Muslims: Stereotyping and Representation by Peter Morey, Amina Yaqin

‘There is no conspiracy between politicians and the media to restrict the way Muslims are represented’Page 77

Rethinking Muslim Women and the Veil: Challenging Historical and Modern Stereotypes Dr. Katherine Bullock

'We argue that the fascination with hearing "voices from within" Muslim communities- while it stems from an expressed desire to include these communities in the democratic and civic process -is actually subject to the vissistudes  of government agendas , which in turn are closely related with those of the media.'Page 15       

'Yasmin: explores one young British Muslim woman's experiences in a working class  in the north of England  after 9/11. The film aims to make sophisticated observations about identity crises alienation ; the central character, coexist uneasily demands of her traditionalist father and the community of which they are part, while carrying on a clandestine relationship with John, a white male fellow worker. Page 118    

Orientalism by Edward W. Said

‘Media images command too much attention and can be exploited at times of crisis and insecurity of kind that the post 9/11 produced’  Page 10 or xx

Quotes from Stuart Hall's Book
Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices  by Stuart Hall
'The spectacle of the "other"' Page 269
'Througly unpacked soul-destroying as a representational practice looking at how it works (essentializing, reductionism, naturalization, binary oppositions), at the ways it is caught up in the play of power (hegemony, power. knowledge) and at some of it deeper more unconscious effects (fantasy, fetishism, disavowal).' Page 277

Post-colonial theory
Alvarado (Alvarado 
et al. 1987: 153)
Four key themes in Racial representation:
Exotic
Dangerous
Humorous
Pitied
Reinforces towards Islamophobia due to Muslims racially falling into the categories as muslims are seen to be exotic due to them being cast as 'the other',dangerous as they have done acts such as post-9/11, Humorous due to movies/films such as four lions as they interpret Jihadism in a negative but funny way and they are seem to pitied due to immigrating or getting into the country illegally because of circumstances in their own country.

Franz Fannon
'White Masks' (expand quote)
Muslims are wearing white masks to fit into society, this is shown in the movie 'East is East'..as the children try to fit in the modern society as they try to act, talk and dress like white children.
Related back to CK
EJump cut

Taken by Muslims: captivity narratives in The Lives of a Bengal Lancer and Prisoner of the Mountains by Claudia Springer

'An early example of Hollywood's foray into the Islamic world, The Lives of a Bengal Lancer, is archetypal in its vilification of Muslims'

Media Education

The religion of Islam
'After the 2005 July bombings in London Tony Blair claimed that the perpetrators were motivated by “a perverted and poisonous interpretation of Islam.'

Inforgraphics

http://www.hopenothate.org.uk/hate-crime/what-are-hate-crimes

This infographics shows the hate crimes caused towards the muslims in todays society and how it may be decreasing but once was increasing.

http://www.cooldailyinfographics.com/2012/04/infographic-are-muslims-enemies-of.html

An insight in Muslims wars all over the world and how many years the wars have been going on.