Critical Investigation: Task 2

References

" Citizen Khan: how did Twitter react? | Media | guardian.co.uk ."  Latest US news, world news, sport and comment from the Guardian | guardiannews.com | The Guardian . N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2012/aug/31/citizen-khan-twitter-reaction?INTCMP=SRCH>.

" Diary of a Badman: 'I'm not a model Muslim, but I make people think' | Culture | The Guardian ."  Latest US news, world news, sport and comment from the Guardian | guardiannews.com | The Guardian . N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/shortcuts/2012/jun/10/diary-of-a-badman?INTCMP=SRCH>.

" Homeland: does it give an accurate picture of Middle East politics? | Television & radio | guardian.co.uk ."  Latest US news, world news, sport and comment from the Guardian | guardiannews.com | The Guardian . N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/tvandradioblog/2012/oct/25/homeland-accurate-picture-middle-east-politics>.

" Ofcom solves mystery of airwave bandit | Media Monkey | Media | guardian.co.uk ."  Latest US news, world news, sport and comment from the Guardian | guardiannews.com | The Guardian . N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/mediamonkeyblog/2012/dec/14/ofcom-catches-airwave-bandit?INTCMP=SRCH>.

Akbar, Arifa. "Citizen Khan is not just outdated, but lazy and offensive  | Arifa Akbar | Independent Arts Blogs." Independent Blogs | The Latest News, Blog Posts & Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. <http://blogs.independent.co.uk/2012/08/29/citizen-khan-is-not-just-outdated-but-lazy-and-offensive/>.

Alsultany, Evelyn. Arabs and Muslims in the media: race and representation after 9/11. New York: New York University Press, 2012. Print.

Altheide, David L.. Terror post 9/11 and the media. New York: Peter Lang, 2009. Print.

"BFI Screenonline: Mind Your Language (1977-79, 1986)." BFI Screenonline. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. <http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/1108213/index.html>.

Bullock, Katherine. Rethinking Muslim women and the veil: challenging historical & modern stereotypes. Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2002. Print.

"Channel 4 cancels Islam documentary screening after presenter threatened - Telegraph." Telegraph.co.uk - Telegraph online, Daily Telegraph, Sunday Telegraph - Telegraph. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/9535854/Channel-4-cancels-Islam-documentary-screening-after-presenter-threatened.html>.

Cohen, Stanley. Folk devils and moral panics: the creation of the Mods and Rockers. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2002. Print.

"Edward Said Interview." http://www.mediaed.org/assets/products/403/transcript_403.pdf. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. <http://www.mediaed.org/assets/products/403/transcript_403.pdf>.

Fanon, Frantz, and Charles Lam Markmann. Black skin white masks. London: Paladin, 1970. Print.

"Fear and loathing: Another unholy row about Islam - Home News - UK - The Independent."       The Independent | News N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/fear-and-loathing-another-unholy-row-about-islam-8131189.html>.

Gottschalk, Peter, and Gabriel Greenberg. Islamophobia: making Muslims the enemy. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2008. Print.

Hall, Stuart. Representation: cultural representations and signifying practices. London: Sage in association with the Open University, 1997. Print.

Kabir, Nahid Afrose. Young British muslims: identity, culture, politics and the media. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010. Print.

"Last night's viewing - Islam: the Untold Story, Channel 4; Accused, BBC1 - Reviews - TV & Radio - The Independent." The Independent | NewsN.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/reviews/last-nights-viewing--islam-the-untold-story-channel-4-accused-bbc1-8084486.html>.

Morey, Peter, and Amina Yaqin. Framing Muslims: stereotyping and representation after 9/11. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2011. Print.

Parfitt, Tudor, and Yulia Egorova. Jews, Muslims, and mass media: mediating the 'other'. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2005. Print.

Poole, Elizabeth, and John E. Richardson. Muslims and the news media. London: I.B. Tauris, 2006. Print.

Ramberg, Ingrid. Islamophobia and its consequences on young people: European Youth Centre Budapest, 1-6 June 2004. Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2004. Print.

Said, Edward W.. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 19791978. Print.

Springer, Claudia. "Taken by Muslims, text version." JCsplash. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc53.2011/SpringerMuslims/text.html>.

"What are hate crimes?." HOPE not hate: Celebrating modern Britain, exposing the extremism of the British National Party (BNP) and the English Defence League (EDL). N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.hopenothate.org.uk/hate-crime/what-are-hate-crimes>.

"[INFOGRAPHIC] Are Muslims Enemies of Peace? - Cool Daily Infographics | Visual Knowledge." Cool Daily Infographics | Visual Knowledge. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.cooldailyinfographics.com/2012/04/infographic-are-muslims-enemies-of.html>.

Critical Investigation Task 3

Mind your language

Textual Analysis

Media Language
CLAMPS
Costume
Lighting
Actors: Actors from different countries U&G 
Makeup: Natural 
Props: Blackboard ( negative connotations), Tables & Chairs
Setting: School Semotics

What are the meanings of the text
Institutions
Production: London Weekend Television (LWT) (now part of ITV London) was the name of the ITV network franchise holder for Greater London and the Home Counties at weekends, broadcasting from Fridays at 5:15pm (prior to 1982 at 7:00pm)^[1] to Monday mornings at 6:00am.^[2]
Broadcaster( ITV commercial profit making)
Schdeuling: weekend after 6-7pm  

Genre
Comedy
Subgenre Sitcom
Representation
Racist and Stereotyping ethnic minorities
Audience
who consumes the text?
Ideology

what are the belief systems/messages/values underpinning the text?

Narrative

how is the narrative in the text organized and structured?

The society and the issues that I am investigating have changed over the years as in the past, in the text 'Mind your language' they tried to include many countries due to the post-colonialism beginning and the country had tried to bring over people from different countries as in the program they try teaching English to the people from different countries in which they taught the. This was changed over the recent years due to the 9/11 attacks & the 7/7 bombings in which TV especially american television had changed their aspect of Muslims.

It is quiet similar to my text due to the comedy but citizen khan more relies the stereotypical side of Muslims as it is the writer Adil Ray interpretation of his life but 'Mind your Language' is self representation of the country at that stage as it was going through the post-colonial era and still is but when Mind your language had come out many ethnic minorities were taking over the white peoples jobs in which Mind your language had been made by white people.

Critical Investigation: Task 1

Citizen Khan Immigrants

The techniques used to make meaning in the text is by using the main character Mr Khan as he uses the newspaper as prop but the newspapers carries meaning / semiotics( Barthes) as the newspaper connotes damaging or professional look. The camera work used through the whole text is mainly wide shot of the kitchen to show where the discussion of immigration is taking place, they also use a medium shot at the beginning of Mrs Khan cooking to show she is providing for the family, another medium shot is of Mr khan picking up the newspaper to show he is the man of the house this is showing the roles of a British Asian family. Throughout the text the actors wear clothing such as Indian clothes/English suits with a Pakistani twist to help the audience find a sense of personal values or even identifying or gaining insight of themselves. They use high key lighting including in the text to show it is a happy environment to show it is family eating breakfast together this shows how westernised Asian have become throughout the the post-colonial era. The sound used is diegetic which is included in the show which is dialogue which is mostly spoken by the man of the house Mr Khan and there is also non-diegetic sound of people laughing in the beginning as it is a comedy. They used edit such as cuts to move quick from one shot to another.

The people who produce,regulate and distributed the text are as it is is a Non-Hollywood production it is regulated by OFCOM as it is a sitcom made in Britain by the BBC. The show was promoted through short trailers on BBC which last usually around 30 seconds, it had gained publicity after it was shown through social networking such as twitter and Facebook as people were furious of the stereotypes of Muslims  Broadcasted through public broadcasting as there BBC mission statement was to ' inform, educate and entertain.'

The type of text it is a sitcom, it is a parody of the writer's life as he has been through this personally, the setting is mostly in public and personal places such as the mosque & the house ( set in sparkhill, Birmingham), The narrative (todorov) is that Mr Khan who thinks is a community leader is always trying become top and pulls in his family  e.g. is wife who serves him domestically 24/7 as you see in the text and his two daughter one who is Shazia and is getting married to Amjad and the other Alia who seems to be a practising Muslims but that is her disguise as she is always outgoing. This brings a social aspect of today's changing society as Muslims women are going out to work as the growth of feminism ( judith bulter).

The message they are trying to get represented in the text is a negative representation of Muslims as it shows west vs east take (Edward Said) and this shows that Mr Khan can't decided what side he is on . They also stereotype challenges Islam as whole as they make fun of what goes n in the mosque. The audience in which consume the text are mainly the psychogrpahics ( young & rubicam) mainstreamer as they want to stick to BBC as BBC's Mission Statement is to 'Inform, Educate & entertain' in which people get pleasure out of. Demographics category of B,C1 nd C2 and the ages of 16-35 as it is after prime time  The narrative pleasure in which the audience gains from this text is dramatic irony , identification, alienation and entertainment, they are getting entertain by the comedy which leads to them getting identified with the actors as they related to them. The way this text is received Hall's theory) is oppositional as they see the stereotype of Europeans/Pakistanis as he discuss that they are immigrants taking over their jobs  and the preferred reading is that Immigrants are stealing jobs.

The values that are underpinning the text are liberal values that are multi-culturalism and positive values from BBC of their mission statement to educate, inform & educate to meet to their television needs ( Maslow hierarchy needs)  and it has sense of a matriarchal and patriarchal society as the women are seen as domestic goddess and the men are the ones who go out to work.

The narrative in the text is organised and structured as it has a open narrative which they can discuss any topic through the series, most the trailers has enigma code (Barthes), the linear narrative is chronological order as they show it from a narrative structure as equilibrium (introduce to the family) -disequilibrium 9 Mr Khan does something crazy to upset his family)-new equilibrium ( resolves it by making his family happy). In the text there are many Binary opposites such as Mum vs Dad and  Love vs Haterd.

Tutorial Targets

Include page numbers
Extend quotes where nesscary to make points
Include at least 2-3 quotes/text 

Islamphobia: Making Muslims the Enemy- By Peter Gottschalk, Gabriel Greenberg

‘Informed by the tenacious western idea that islam persistently, even fanatically, strives for dominion over all dimensions of life- particularly the political-many Americans remain inherently wary of Muslims.’ Page 15

Muslims and the News Media edited by Elizabeth Poole, John E. Richardson

‘In order to ensure the sample was representative, all articles including the terms Muslim(s) or Islam, from 2003, were selected for analysis. This ensured that only content that explicitly referred to Muslims or Islam were selected’Page 89

Islamphobia and Its Consequences on Young People: European Youth Centre -By Ingrid Ramberg

‘Masses, women, Islam, black colour, exaltation, and Islamism: a detonating cocktail to be sure not to go beyond prejudiced and ready made representations.’ Page 48

Arabs and Muslims in the Media: Race and Representation after 9/11- By Evelyn Alsultany

‘Though often seen as the enemy, Arab and American were not alone’ Page 5  

Young British Muslims: Identity, Culture, Politics and the Media- By Wahid Afrose Kabir

‘Spoke of their exclusive identity, sometimes other ethnic or religious afflictions...perhaps the theorizing of Stuart hall (1994:122) helps with this’ Page 99

Terror Post 9/11 and the Media (Global Crises and the Media) - David L. Altheide (Author)

‘The discourse of terror post 9/11 has become globalized  both in the flows and formations of the world’s news media and conduct of geo-political ambitions.’ Page 16 or xvi 

Framing Muslims: Stereotyping and Representation by Peter Morey, Amina Yaqin

‘There is no conspiracy between politicians and the media to restrict the way Muslims are represented’Page 77

Rethinking Muslim Women and the Veil: Challenging Historical and Modern Stereotypes Dr. Katherine Bullock

'We argue that the fascination with hearing "voices from within" Muslim communities- while it stems from an expressed desire to include these communities in the democratic and civic process -is actually subject to the vissistudes  of government agendas , which in turn are closely related with those of the media.'Page 15       

'Yasmin: explores one young British Muslim woman's experiences in a working class  in the north of England  after 9/11. The film aims to make sophisticated observations about identity crises alienation ; the central character, coexist uneasily demands of her traditionalist father and the community of which they are part, while carrying on a clandestine relationship with John, a white male fellow worker. Page 118    

Orientalism by Edward W. Said

‘Media images command too much attention and can be exploited at times of crisis and insecurity of kind that the post 9/11 produced’  Page 10 or xx

Quotes from Stuart Hall's Book
Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices  by Stuart Hall
'The spectacle of the "other"' Page 269
'Througly unpacked soul-destroying as a representational practice looking at how it works (essentializing, reductionism, naturalization, binary oppositions), at the ways it is caught up in the play of power (hegemony, power. knowledge) and at some of it deeper more unconscious effects (fantasy, fetishism, disavowal).' Page 277

Post-colonial theory
Alvarado (Alvarado 
et al. 1987: 153)
Four key themes in Racial representation:
Exotic
Dangerous
Humorous
Pitied
Reinforces towards Islamophobia due to Muslims racially falling into the categories as muslims are seen to be exotic due to them being cast as 'the other',dangerous as they have done acts such as post-9/11, Humorous due to movies/films such as four lions as they interpret Jihadism in a negative but funny way and they are seem to pitied due to immigrating or getting into the country illegally because of circumstances in their own country.

Franz Fannon
'White Masks' (expand quote)
Muslims are wearing white masks to fit into society, this is shown in the movie 'East is East'..as the children try to fit in the modern society as they try to act, talk and dress like white children.
Related back to CK
EJump cut

Taken by Muslims: captivity narratives in The Lives of a Bengal Lancer and Prisoner of the Mountains by Claudia Springer

'An early example of Hollywood's foray into the Islamic world, The Lives of a Bengal Lancer, is archetypal in its vilification of Muslims'

Media Education

The religion of Islam
'After the 2005 July bombings in London Tony Blair claimed that the perpetrators were motivated by “a perverted and poisonous interpretation of Islam.'

Inforgraphics

http://www.hopenothate.org.uk/hate-crime/what-are-hate-crimes

This infographics shows the hate crimes caused towards the muslims in todays society and how it may be decreasing but once was increasing.

http://www.cooldailyinfographics.com/2012/04/infographic-are-muslims-enemies-of.html

An insight in Muslims wars all over the world and how many years the wars have been going on.

Notes & Quotes on my Critical Investigation

Notes & Quotes on my Critical Investigation

Books:

Islamphobia: Making Muslims the Enemy- By Peter Gottschalk, Gabriel Greenberg

‘Many Americans remain inherently wary of Muslims.’

This links to my critical investigation as the book discusses that Muslims are the enemy of today’s society due to 9/11 and 7/7 bombings as many people lives have been affected by it.

 

Muslims and the News Media edited by Elizabeth Poole, John E. Richardson

‘All articles….explicitly referred to Muslims or Islam were selected’

This connects to the 9/11 bombing due to editors picking out stories that are partially misleading towards Muslims and making them be ‘the other’ and scare people such as the audience as newspaper try to create a moral panic. 

 

Islamphobia and Its Consequences on Young People: European Youth Centre -By Ingrid Ramberg

‘Masses, women, Islam, black colour, exaltation, and Islamism.’

The consequences that the media has on younger generation is a number of things as they are challenging many of the stereotypes as young people who are Muslims need to carry on with religion showing their right side.

 

Arabs and Muslims in the Media: Race and Representation after 9/11- By Evelyn Alsultany

‘Though often seen as the enemy’

Evelyn Alsultany had agree that the media had seen Muslims as the negative as they were often seen as the bad ones as if there was a terror attack then Muslims would get blamed for the attacks.

     

Young British Muslims: Identity, Culture, Politics and the Media- By Wahid Afrose Kabir

‘Spoke of their exclusive identity, sometimes other ethnic or religious afflictions...perhaps the theorising of Stuart hall (1994:122) helps with this’

Through the media, the young British Muslims identity and cultures are being interpreting by Hall’s theory of preferred reading portrayed through the media.

Terror Post 9/11 and the Media (Global Crises and the Media) - David L. Altheide (Author)

‘The discourse of terror post 9/11 has become globalised, both in the flows and formations of the world’s media.’  

This connects to how powerful media is getting throughout the years as globalization is connected to McLuhan’s theory becoming true as he discussed that the world is a global village.   

Framing Muslims: Stereotyping and Representation by Peter Morey, Amina Yaqin

‘There is no conspiracy between politicians and the media to restrict the way Muslims are represented’

They show that politicians have nothing to do with restricting the media to represented Muslims in a bad way to create Islamphobia amongst people.

Rethinking Muslim Women and the Veil: Challenging Historical and Modern Stereotypes Dr. Katherine Bullock

‘Muslim woman are often unduly restricted and denied their rights to attain their full potential as human being.’

Women are tightly knitted in the society today due to the western society being misleading but Muslim women in today’s society are trying to overcome/challenge those historical and modern society. Trying to become socially accepted to have a right to work and to have an education, and not stay as house wife at home leading to be a housewife or a mother which is also important in Islam.

Orientalism by Edward W. Said

‘Media images command too much attention and can be exploited at times of crisis and insecurity of kind that the post 9/11 produced’  

One of theorist who directly links to my critical investigation is Edward Said as he discussed the east vs. west or the other, media images that are taken in places such as Iraq and Iran which gain too much attention due the wars and al-Qaeda.

Academic Texts

Entertainment wars: Television culture after 9/11-L Spigel - American Quarterly, 200

‘After the attacks of September 11…on televisions violent movies also came under network…The Siege deals with Arab terrorist planning to bomb New York’

L Spiegel discusses in his essay that after 9/11 television shows and movies that were more based violence, the shows based them towards Muslims being the villains which links in with Vladimir prop’s theory of characters.

Media (mis) representations- Katherine H Bullock-

‘Muslims women are presented as outsiders or ‘the others’

As a Muslim outsider, Katherine Bullock had portrayed that many Muslims women like women in hip hop videos are represented to be much weaker than men in an aspect but as they are Muslims they are kept under even tighter circumstances to not ruin their image so they are made to feel like an outsiders towards the western culture.

British Arab Muslim Audiences and Television after September 11

Zahera Harb* & Ehab Bessaiso* 

‘The ability, desire and willingness of Muslims to assimilate peacefully in the U.K.’

Zahera & Ehab wrote this text on British Arab Muslims  after 9/11 as they are  Muslims themselves they have challenge the stereotypes as they argue how Muslims are allowed to assimilate in Britain over 10 years, which shows that the white British people such as politicians are changing their minds to become very diverse and worry free.

'Islamphobia' reconsidered- Fred Halliday 

‘Alarmism has concerned the ‘threat’ which, from one side, ‘Islam’ poses to the non-Muslim world and on the other ‘the west’ poses to Muslims'

This text connects to Edward Said and Alvarado theory’s as Muslims are represented are considered to be a threat in today’s society  as one side promotes Islam and the other ‘the west’.

New Media in the Muslim World: The Emerging Public Sphere- JON W.  ANDERSON 

‘The Muslim world is experiencing a media explosion from street-corner kiosks to satellite television and the Internet. Islamic messages and discussions of them are everywhere.’

Muslims are part of the on-going population building up to using different types of media through television and the internet as they try to get across the Islamic message through to other people quicker and faster.

Media, Education, and Anti-Americanism in the Muslim World-

Matthew Gentzkow & Jesse M. Shapiro 

‘Individuals watching Arab news channels or educated in schools with little Western influence are less likely to agree that the September 11 attacks were carried out by Arab terrorists.’

This links in with hall’s theory of readings as some people who are not controlled by society may view the oppositional reading of text and may think it is another person who are the terrorist other than the ARABS

Internet Links

Diary of a Badman: 'I'm not a model Muslim, but I make people think-http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/shortcuts/2012/jun/10/diary-of-a-badman?INTCMP=SRCH

‘Muslims of the 21st century have taken this guy as a role model’

This shows that Muslims are trying to challenge the stereotypes and become the bigger person in today’s society which may lead the audience’s minds or perspective of the 9/11 attacks disappear or even vanished.

Homeland: does it give an accurate picture of Middle East politics?-http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/tvandradioblog/2012/oct/25/homeland-accurate-picture-middle-east-politics

‘Why would an al-Qaida (Sunni) jihadi type be cooperating with (Shia, Iranian-backed) Hizbullah anyway?’

Homeland shows us that types of Muslims are combing together to make a big massive force, this doesn’t give an accurate reading of Muslims as normally the Sunnis and shias are against each other as they don’t understand  the different ways they pray.

Channel 4 cancels Islam documentary screening after presenter threatened- http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/9535854/Channel-4-cancels-Islam-documentary-screening-after-presenter-threatened.html

‘Having taken security advice, we have reluctantly cancelled a planned screening of the programme Islam’ 

British television broadcasters are scared due to Muslims as they get outraged or fuming if their religion is discussed through televisions as broadcaster portray Muslims to be as ‘the other’ of society

Fear and loathing: Another unholy row about Islam -http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/fear-and-loathing-another-unholy-row-about-islam-8131189.html

 They'll often react to something, get angry or outraged. But what we need to be doing is to respond with reasoned, rational arguments."

Muslims are made to be seen to have a short temper leading to a big debate through social networking sites especially OFCOM as they control media throughout the UK and as they control the media so they have to take in the complaints of their audiences in which could lead to an investigation.

Last night's viewing - Islam: the Untold Story, Channel 4; Accused, BBC1-http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/reviews/last-nights-viewing--islam-the-untold-story-channel-4-accused-bbc1-8084486.html

"History is like a labyrinth,"

This shows that history repeats itself throughout the years since 9/11 bombings as people haven’t got over the fact that they are certain Muslims groups which were in control over the bombings and they were the al-Qaeda.

Books that relates to My Critical Investigation

Books that relates to My Case Study

Islamophobia: Making Muslims the Enemy- By Peter Gottschalk, Gabriel Greenberg

‘Many Americans remain inherently wary of Muslims.’

Muslims and the News Media edited by Elizabeth Poole, John E. Richardson

‘All articles….explicitly referred to Muslims or Islam were selected’

Islamophobia and Its Consequences on Young People: European Youth Centre -By Ingrid Ramberg

‘Masses, women, Islam, black colour, exaltation, and Islamism.’

Arabs and Muslims in the Media: Race and Representation After 9/11- By Evelyn Alsultany

‘though often seen as the enemy’

Young British Muslims: Identity, Culture, Politics and the Media- By Nahid Afrose Kabir

‘Spoke of their exclusive identity, sometimes other ethnic or religious afflictions...perhaps the theorising of Stuart hall (1994:122) helps with this’

Effective Searching for Critical Investigation

Effective Searching for Critical Investigation

Source:  Culture link

Location: Croatia

Site:  http://www.culturelink.org/conf/dialogue/mesic.pdf

Inurl:  .ORG

Filetype: PDF

Source:  Media smarts

Location: California

Site: http://mediasmarts.ca/diversity-media/religion/media-portrayals-religion-islam

Inurl: .CA

Filetype:  Website

Source:  Channel 4

Location:  United Kingdom

Site:  http://www.channel4.com/news/media/pdfs/Cardiff%20Final%20Report.pdf

Inurl:  .Com

Filetype:  PDF

Source:  Ibibio

Location:  United states

Site:  http://www.ibiblio.org/prism/jan98/anti_arab.html

Inurl: .org

Filetype:  html

Liberal Pluralism

Key words:
Sameness
Supply
Demand
Debate
Communications
Free media
Capitalism
Non-Marxist
Divides
Power
Reality TV
Communication
Ideology
Myth
Barthes
Summary:
Is an philosophy and political principle that discuss the sameness of humanist  As liberal pluralism is what people have in common due to rights-bearing and equality-seeking individuals and it is much more then division of races and commitment to the principle makes it difficult to take seriously.
Links:
mediaethnographies.wordpress.com/glossary/

Marxism & Hegemony:

Marxism & Hegemony:

Summary:

Hegemony is the cultural, economic and political dominance achieved by the ruling elite in a society for example the conservative party achieved hegemony (leadership) with their policies due to transforming the economy; the term of hegemony was first developed by Antonio Gramsci, it was about a particular group achieving hegemony which has been accepted by the public opinion as common sense, making difficult to fight against.

Marxism is ideology imitative from the writings of Karl Marx which sees society being dominated by a capitalist structure which maintains the hegemony of the ruling class and in result to overthrow each other (class war).

Links

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediation_(Marxist_theory_and_media_studies)

http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/marxism/marxism10.html

http://dl.dropbox.com/u/3686063/A2%20Revision%20Media/Media%20A-Z%20Keywords.pdf

http://www.slideshare.net/mccabekat/a2-booklet

Media Hegemony: A Failure of Perspective- DAVID L. ALTHEIDE

Wayne, Mike. 

Marxism and media studies: key concepts and contemporary trends. Pluto Pr, 2003.

Critical Investigation Proposal

Critical Investigation Proposal
BY SHAZIA ADAT
Working Title:
'In what ways does "Citizen Khan" reinforce Islamphobia?
Angle:
How is the current issue of post 9/11 and the media being portrayed in sitcoms to be shown to a wide range audience?
Hypothesis:
I believe that all sitcom reinforce islamphobia due to post 9/11 issues.
Linked Production piece:
Opening Sequence of sitcom focusing on a young Muslim girl in modern media showing the ups and downs
MIGRAIN:
The costume in which he wears is a smart suit with a Pakistani twist of a traditional hat as he is shown as half as he loves the British culture which shows he is hypocrite as he hates being called a PAKI and another costume that is used is the hijab that Mr Khan's daughter as she uses it as an object to please her dad and takes it off to show off to her friends. The lighting used throughout the sitcom is High Key lighting and Natural fillers to show the audience a sense of realism in which they can relate to in their lives.

The actors in the sitcom are Mr Khan who is a normal protagonist of Vladimir Propp theory of characters, he is shown as a proud husband & big hearted father and a community leader as he wants his daughter to have the best wedding, Then there is his wife who wears the trouser in the household, his two daughters Shazia who is fiery and independent  is getting married to Amjad and her sister Alia is the modernised Muslim, Also there is Amjad who is Shazia's Fiancee (not the sharpest tool in the box) and a Muslim convert called Dave who Mr Khan doesn't respect at all as Dave is  the mosque manager and white. The makeup that they use in the sitcom match the actors identity this audience identify the actor or character, they can relate to.

The props used in citizen khan is a yellow car and suit; Mr Khan had bought these when he first came to England this shows that Asians overall like to keep objects for memorabilia and to show how much wealth they have. The sitcom is set in many various locations such as a House where most of the family spends their time in and have family gatherings and a Mosque where the worship the god, this helps the Muslims audience to identify and reflect on their own culture.      

The institution that introduce this sitcom is BBC1, Their main mission statement is to 'Inform, Educate & Entertain', the BBC is a Public Service Broadcaster (PSB) which is funded by the TV license fee paid by the public. The Writer of the show (Adil Ray) is linked to the BBC as he was a presenter on the Late Night Show on the BBC Asian Network, he strongly associated himself with the show as he had a similar upbringing as he is a modern Muslim.

The generic/narrative conventions in the sitcom is romance shown through Mr Khan & his family and Shazia & Amjad (pre-wedding love phase) which will not be allowed in a traditional Muslim family this is a countertype. Furthermore we see a binary opposition of a Pakistani Muslim compared to a British Pakistani and how it is improved over the years.          

Mr Khan had been represented to the audience as a Man of the house who has except his family to follow his rules and guidelines, He was also shown as a two sided man as he loved the Brits but also sided with the Pakistanis and the strong accent used by Mr Khan adds humor to the sitcom.

The typical audience of a sitcom like this will be C1 & C2 who range from 16-35, they may be mainstreamers who aim for security and avoid risk and may stick to programs made by BBC ONE or an explorer who seeks adventure and explores themselves asking the question who are they related to in the show and what will happen if they do something like one of the characters in real life.

SHEP:
Globalization as twitter was hash tagging the show before it had started at made up to the top ten hash tags before and after the show, The show was also publicized by many of the following radio presenters such as Murtz and Bobby Friction....After the show, Citizen Khan had been  very stereotypical towards Muslims and Asians.
Historically, there have been many shows like "Citizen Khan" before for example The Kumar's at No.42 & Channel 4 East is East and it also challenges the ideas of post 9/11 as it shows a Muslim family living around and in a British Society.
Potically
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Issues/Debates:
Representation & Stereotyping- The representations and stereotypes of the sitcom are the Muslim and Indian culture as they challenge Perkins' theory of stereotypes as not all stereotypes are true for example, they mock the reading of the quran, flirting in the mosque and the importance of wearing a hijab. Which also links with the theory of Edward Saeed as his theory was to do with the west vs the east and 'Citizen Khan' shows the adaptation of the east in the west. It shows some Muslims are wearing masks (Franz Fannon) to hide their identity according to Alia  
Moral panics- The moral panics created by the sitcom shows that not all Muslims are terrorist bombers or benefit scroungers but it differentiates the idea of muslims being seen as "the others"   
Post 9/11 and the media- The post 9/11 and the media issues relates to this sitcom as it shows a positive side the concepts of 'other' and the sitcom doesn't show that all Muslim are fundamentalists
Ownership & Control- The ownership of this program is BBC, BBC is a public service broadcaster which aims to INFORM, EDUCATE and ENTERTAIN with all their programs as 'Citizen Khan' does that by informing the public about the Muslim culture, educating them by teaching them the norms and values of life and entertaining them by introducing a bit of humor in the day to day life of the characters.
Regulation & Censorship- 'Citizen Khan' as a whole was shown to be a very stereotypical sitcom, which was investigated by OFCOM asinforming the public about the Muslim culture, educating them by teaching them the norms and values of life and entertaining them by introducing a bit of humor in the day to day life of the characters..
Theories:
Semiotics- Barthes had introduced the idea of semiotics and signs as denotation (the actually meaning) & connotation ( the could meaning), Citizen Khan relates to this as every series had been based on several events that have happened and the audience could interpreted a different meaning of the show.  
Ethnicity- We could relate ethnicity to the text due to the fact that the writer ( Adil Ray) had become a ethnographer as he had live the life of the Muslim culture since he was a baby as he was born in a Muslim family.
Colonialism- Colonialism is the domination of the countries such as Africa, South America, Australasian and Asian by occupying powers from the 16th century and that led to Post Colonism which is still occurring now in which people like Asians moved to Britain and bought over their cultures some in which is shown through  'Citizen Khan'. Many of the post colonist theorist are Alvarado which focused on four main aspects exotic, dangerous, humorous and pitied in which 'Citizen Khan' falls under all of them as he is from Pakistan  an exotic country, dangerous because he is a Muslim and associated with terrorism  Humorous because of his accent and it is pitied by the audience. Mr Khan is also closely related to be wearing a white mask as he wants to be British but can't forget his culture concluding to Franks Fannon theory. Another theorist is Edward Saeed who discusses east vs west or 'them and us', this shows Muslim to be very negative. 
Audience theory- The audience theory closely link to 'Citizen Khan' is the Uses & Gratification discussed by Blulmer and Katz, diversion as the audience may want to escape their normal life, personal relationships may be also portrayed through citizen khan such as Family, husband & wife and community, Personal Identity with others as the audience may see themselves reflected in the texts and another is surveillance which doesn't really link with the text.

Contemporary media landscape
The study fits in to this due to the fact of the current issues of post 9/11 in the media as this challenges and reinforces the ideas of Islamphobia and the idea of them and the others; the study also shows us the aspects of post Colonism 
Media Texts
The media texts that I will focusing on will be "Citizen Khan"
Other Media texts
Other Media texts that relate to "Citizen Khan" are:
Homeland ( channel 4)
The Kumars at no.42 ( BBC1)
East is east (channel 4)
TV Documentaries

Islamophobia: A Vanguard Special- (Current.com/ Current TV )

9/11 Ten years on (Channel 4)

Islam: Untold Story (Channel 4)

Panorama: Documentary on Muslims schools. (BBC1)

Accused BBC1

Academic Texts/Books

Terror Post 9/11 and the Media (Global Crises and the Media)- David L. Altheide (Author)

Islamophobia: Making Muslims the Enemy  By Peter Gottschalk, Gabriel Greenberg

Entertainment wars: Television culture after 9/11L Spigel - American Quarterly, 200

Islamophobia. Christopher Allen 

Internet Links

1.Diary of a Badman: 'I'm not a model Muslim, but I make people think-http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/shortcuts/2012/jun/10/diary-of-a-badman?INTCMP=SRCH

Homeland: does it give an accurate picture of Middle East politics?-http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/tvandradioblog/2012/oct/25/homeland-accurate-picture-middle-east-politics

Channel 4 cancels Islam documentary screening after presenter threatened- http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/9535854/Channel-4-cancels-Islam-documentary-screening-after-presenter-threatened.html

Fear and loathing: Another unholy row about Islam -http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/fear-and-loathing-another-unholy-row-about-islam-8131189.html

Last night's viewing - Islam: the Untold Story, Channel 4; Accused, BBC1-http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/reviews/last-nights-viewing--islam-the-untold-story-channel-4-accused-bbc1-8084486.html

2.Islamophobia in the Media since September 11th by Christopher Allen

http://www.nt5918.vs.speednames.com/docs/Islamophobia-in-the-Media-since-911-ChristopherAllen.pdf

"Islamophobia" and the Media in Italy"- http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/146807702753745392 

3.Riazat Butt visits Muslims in Wales, and talks about the process of converting to Islam (http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/audio/2009/feb/02/islamophonic-converting-islam)